Git is smart, and non-overlapping changes (areas of code modified by one branch but not that other) are automatically incorporated into the final merged result. Git uses the merge base to identify what changed since the branches diverged. The merge base is essentially the most recent common ancestor (often this is the commit before the two branches forked). In a three way merge, Git’s merge algorithm uses the current branch, the target branch, and their merge base in order to incorporate changes from the target branch into the current branch. In those cases, a 3-way merge is required, which uses a dedicated commit to bring together the two histories. However, a fast-forward merge is not possible if the branches have diverged. In this case, instead of actually merging the branches, Git simply moves (or fast forwards) the current branch tip up to the target branch tip. There are two types of merges: fast-forward merges and 3-way merges.įast forward merges occur when the tip of the current branch is a direct ancestor of the target branch. The branch being merged (aka the target branch) will not be affected. When merging, Git always merges into the current branch. If you’re already fluent in Git, feel free to skip to the strategies and tools section.Īs Atlassian’s branching tutorial explains “Merging is Git’s way of putting a forked history back together again.”Ī Git merge is run via the command git merge. After that commit.There are many good online tutorials that cover Git merging, so I’ll just review the basics. Unchanged (exactly as you last changed it).Īnd then right click on the conflicted file and choose one of Resolved (the current version of the file which is in the working tree will be used), Resolve conflict using 'mine' (the version of the file of your HEAD will be used), and Resolve conflict using 'theirs' (the version of the file of the merged revision/branch will be used). If you have conflicts with binary files, Git does It uses "git add" to mark file status as resolved Please note that the Resolve command does not really rebase dialog for committing and not the normal commit dialog!). Just for completeness "theirs" means for "stash"/"merge"/"pull"/"cherry-pick" the version of the to be merged commit/branch and for "rebase" the version of the branch you rebase onto.Īnd commit your modifications to the repository (if the conflict occurred while rebasing or cherry-picking make sure you use the cherry-pick resp. This is the version of file of the revision you want to merge (on a normal merge this correspondents to MERGE_HEAD).Īs you want to merge other changes, this state/version is often also called "theirs". Just for completeness "mine" means for "stash"/"merge"/"pull"/"cherry-pick" the HEAD version in your working tree and for "rebase" the version on the branch you rebase. Therefore, this state/version is often also called "mine". Working tree before you started the merge (i.e., the file conforms to the latest committed state of the HEAD of your local repository) This is the common ancestor's version of the conflicted file (this version does contain neither any of your nor any of the changes of the to be merged branch/revision, especially it does not contain any conflict markers). Then TortoiseGit will place three additional files in your directory for the selected conflicted file and launch the configured conflict editor: You can launch an external merge tool/conflict You can use any editor to manually resolve the conflict or the section called “HOW CONFLICTS ARE PRESENTED”): The conflicting area is marked in the file like this (also cf. Whenever a conflict is reported you need to resolve it! When both sides made changes to the same area, however, Git cannot randomly pick one side over the other, and asks you to resolve it by leaving what both sides did to that area. You merge another branch, cherry-pick commits, rebase or apply a stash:Īmong the changes made to the common ancestor's version, non-overlapping ones (that is, you changed an area of the file while the other side left that area intact, or vice versa) are incorporated in the final result verbatim. Once in a while, you will get a conflict when During a merge, the working tree files are updated to reflect the result of the merge.
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